44卷2期

• Link 政策論壇 Policy Forum
• 由大家醫計畫談慢性疾病照護管理之挑戰Current challenges of chronic disease care model in the context of the family physician program
• 許惠恒
  Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
• 大家醫計畫、慢性疾病照護
  family physician program, chronic disease care
• 民國113年起健保署將原有「全民健康保險家庭醫師整合性照護計畫」與糖尿病等論質計酬計畫整合並導入數位照護模式而形成「大家醫計畫」，期待透過導入容易使用的介面與平臺、簡化申報等行政作業，讓跨專業團隊得以提供慢性病患者更全面的照護；然而如何讓醫療單位願意投入此計畫，以及健康數據的蒐集與共享之規範，皆待政府主導規劃。
  Since 2024, the National Health Insurance Administration has integrated the original "National Health Insurance Family Doctors Integrated Health Delivery System" with performance-based payment plans such as diabetes and introduced a digital care model to form the "Family Physician Program". It is hoped that by introducing an easy-to-use interface and platform, and simplifying administrative operations such as reporting, cross-professional teams will be able to provide more comprehensive care for chronic disease patients.
• 115-117
• 10.6288/TJPH.202504_44(2).PF02

• Link 綜論 Review Article
• 金盞花乳膏對幼兒尿布疹照護之成效：隨機控制試驗的系統性文獻回顧Effectiveness of calendula ointment for treatment of diaper dermatitis in toddlers: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
• 林筱青、林肇柏、李碧娥、劉懿蒂、吳秀雲
  Hsiao-Ching Lin, Chao-Po Lin, Bih-O Lee, Yi-Ti Liu, Hsiu-Yun Wu
• 金盞花乳膏、尿布疹、不良反應、系統性文獻回顧、幼兒
  calendula ointment, diaper dermatitis, adverse effects, systematic review, toddlers
• 市售的金盞花乳膏被廣泛應用於治療尿布疹，但其具體成效尚未全面評估。本研究目的在確定金盞花乳膏對尿布疹嚴重程度、恢復時間、恢復比例和不良反應之成效。根據PRISMA指引進行系統性文獻回顧，檢索PubMed、CINAHL、Scopus、Embase、Cochrane Library和華藝線上圖書資料庫，截至2025年2月的隨機控制試驗，文獻品質使用Modified Jadad Score進行評估，證據等級則依據Oxford CEBM進行評定。結果共納入五篇隨機控制試驗，382位年齡小於三歲且罹患非感染性尿布疹的幼兒。塗抹金盞花乳膏每天三到四次，持續三天至十天，能有效改善輕度至中度尿布疹，成效與橄欖乳膏相當，優於蘆薈乳膏，但在恢復時間和恢復比例不如火山土乳膏或金盞花混合鎂乳膏。Modified Jadad Score文獻品質得分為6-8分，證據等級Oxford CEBM為Level 2。本研究顯示金盞花乳膏對尿布疹具成效且安全，建議納入照護常規，加強教育訓練與皮膚測試以確保正確應用。因研究受單一國家與品牌限制，未來應進行跨國、多中心、長期隨機對照試驗，以提升適用性。
  Calendula ointment is widely used to treat diaper dermatitis. Fully evaluating the effectiveness of this treatment is warranted. This study evaluated the effectiveness of calendula ointment in reducing the severity, shortening the recovery time, increasing the recovery rate, and mitigating the adverse effects of diaper dermatitis. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Airiti Library databases. Randomized controlled trials published until February 2025 were identified. The modified Jadad score was used to evaluate study quality, and Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria were applied to identify the level of evidence. Five randomized controlled trials were included in the analysis. These trials involved a total of 382 toddlers aged <3 years with noninfectious diaper dermatitis. After calendula ointment was applied three to four times daily for 3-10 days, mild-to-moderate degrees of diaper dermatitis got improvement, indicating that the efficacy of calendula ointment is similar to that of olive ointment and higher than that of aloe vera ointment. However, calendula ointment had a longer recovery time and a lower recovery rate than did bentonite ointment and calendula-magnesium. The modified Jadad score for study quality ranged from 6 to 8, with an Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine evidence level of 2. Calendula ointment is effective and safe for the treatment of diaper dermatitis and is recommended for inclusion in routine care. Increasing awareness and conducting skin tests are recommended to ensure proper application. The majority of studies are limited to a single country and brand. Further multinational, multicenter, and long-term randomized controlled trials are required to enhance applicability.
• 118-128
• 10.6288/TJPH.202504_44(2).113100

• Link 綜論 Review Article
• 在宅醫療的新篇章：高價值基礎支付的在宅住院模式A new opportunity for home-based medical care: the value-based hospital-at-home payment model
• 林青青、謝雨蓁、葉依琳、廖容瑜、吳肖琪、余尚儒、陳炳仁
  Ching-Ching Claire Lin, Yu-Zhen Hsieh, Yi-Lin Yeh, Jung-Yu Liao, Shiao-Chi Wu, Sang-Ju Yu, Ping-Jen Chen
• 在宅住院、在宅急症照護、價值基礎照護、在宅醫療、居家醫療
  Hospital at Home (HaH), acute care at home, value-based care, home-based medical care, home care medicine
• 隨著人口老化，急症住院需求增加，然而醫院量能成長有限，以在宅住院模式來補足與強化在宅醫療體系成為重要議題;另一方面，健康體系支付改革近年來逐步朝向「高價值照護」(high-value care)倡議與邁進，提出照護模式除了需有臨床療效外，應以病人為中心，並在合適的成本下，提供全人整合醫療照護。本文從價值基礎照護模式的角度，先討論各國在宅住院(Hospital at Home， HaH)的支付設計是否符合高價值基礎，再針對台灣健保在宅急症照護(即在宅住院)試辦計畫進行解析。本文並提出台灣在宅住院模式面臨的六項基本挑戰，包括1.在宅急症照護的成本未知，2.在宅住院可能具有非醫療的效益但難以測量，3.效益或價值的測量可能有地域差異，4.包裹式支付設計尚未能涵納必要的跨專業人員，5.在宅住院的資訊系統整合的挑戰，以及6.與長照系統整合不易。最後，本文建議未來針對台灣的既有健康體系的特色來調整在宅住院模式，例如與長照系統整合，或是擴大更多醫事人員的整合與團隊組成，擴大導入資訊科技等，使在宅醫療朝高價值的全人照護模式邁進。
  The aging of populations is expected to drive an increased demand for acute hospitalization. For hospitals facing limited resource growth and capacity, hospitalization can be substituted with a hospital-at-home (HaH) model. Recent reforms to health-care systems have focused on designing value-based care models. High-value care models should be cost-effective, patient-centered, and integrated and should ensure intervention efficacy. The current review introduces HaH models in different countries and outlines their value-based payment designs. These models are then compared with the HaH model under Taiwan's National Health Insurance scheme (the "Acute Care at Home" model). The HaH model in Taiwan is subject to six key challenges: 1) uncertainty regarding actual HaH care costs, 2) difficulty in quantifying nonclinical efficacy, 3) geographic variation in care effectiveness, 4) incomplete integration of essential professions within the current bundled payment design, 5) complexities in information system integration, and 6) challenges in integrating HaH with long-term care services. To ensure high-value, holistic care under Taiwan's HaH model, health-care providers can leverage existing home-based care infrastructure. HaH care should be integrated with long-term care, care teams should be expanded to encompass a wider range of professions, and robust information technology solutions should be implemented.
• 129-140
• 10.6288/TJPH.202504_44(2).113102

• Link 原著 Original Article
• 青少年族群的二手酒害：危險因子與生活品質影響Alcohol's harm to others in adolescents: risk factors and consequences
• 陳人豪、張新儀、許益湉、陳為堅、陳娟瑜
  Ren-Hao Chen, Hsing-Yi Chang, Yi-Tien Hsu, Wei J. Chen, Chuan-Yu Chen
• 青少年、二手酒害、生活品質
  adolescents, alcohol's harm to others, quality of life
• 目標：飲酒造成的傷害不僅限於飲酒者，也會影響周遭或社區他人。本研究旨在了解台灣青少年二手酒害之盛行率、風險因子與其對生活品質之影響。方法：利用107年全國物質使用調查計畫，樣本為具全國代表性之3，598名12-17歲青少年，調查其家庭與個人社經背景、終生所受過之八種二手酒害，並以EQ-5D-5L分析其多面向之生活品質。研究使用複雜問卷分析、羅吉斯迴歸與Tobit迴歸進行分析。結果：在12至17歲的受訪者中，二手酒害的終生盛行率為0.92%。在各風險因子中，父母皆有飲酒與遭受二手酒害的關聯性最為顯著(調整後勝算比為14.1)。在個人因素方面，有逃家經驗及每月飲酒者，其遭受二手酒害的調整後勝算比分別為5.78與5.75。值得注意的是，二手酒害顯著降低青少年族群生活品質分數(調整後β = -0.17)，在焦慮/沮喪面向尤為嚴重。在遭受二手酒害的青少年中，僅有16.3%曾向外求助。結論：二手酒害是台灣社會評估飲酒傷害不可忽視的角度。對於未成年族群，家庭飲酒環境是極為重要的危險因子。針對二手酒害對青少年心理健康及生活品質的傷害，後續的酒害防治政策須將家戶內酒害納入標的，辨識出社區中隱藏的酒害，以減少酒精對年輕世代的短期與長期傷害。
  "Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of alcohol’s harm to others (AHTO), its risk factors, and its relationship with quality of life in adolescents in Taiwan. Methods: Data came from the 2018 National Survey of Substance Use in Taiwan. A total of 3,598 respondents aged 12–17 with national representativeness were included. Sociodemographic characteristics at both family and individual levels, eight forms of AHTO, and five-dimensional quality of life (as assessed by the EQ-5D-5L) were obtained in the survey. Logistic and Tobit regressions with complex survey analyses were used. Results: The lifetime prevalence of AHTO in adolescents was estimated at 0.92%. Parents’ drinking emerged as the strongest risk factor for AHTO experience (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 14.1). Running away from home and monthly drinking were found to increase the odds of AHTO by 478% and 475%, respectively. Having AHTO experience appeared to be a significant predictor for deteriorated quality of life (adjusted β = -0.17), with that deterioration manifested primarily in the dimension of anxiety/depression. Among all AHTO victims, fewer than one in six ever reached out for help. Conclusions: AHTO provides a vital perspective to help tackle alcohol harm in Taiwan, particularly in the vulnerable underage population. To prevent AHTO-related deterioration in mental health and quality of life among young people in the community, policies and interventions should involve strategies targeting harm to young children in families."
• 141-153
• 10.6288/TJPH.202504_44(2).113076

• Link 原著 Original Article
• 台灣大專校院健康促進計畫績優學校之校級決定因素研究School-level determinants of superior performance in health-promoting universities and colleges in Taiwan
• 賴意櫻、黃久美、李子奇、張晶皓、董貞吟、郭鐘隆
  Yi-Ying Lai, Chiu-Mieh Huang, Charles Tzu-Chi Lee, Jong-Long GuoChing-Hao Chang, Chen-Yin Tung, Jong-Long Guo
• 大學生、健康促進學校、菸害防制與控制策略、體位管理、性教育策略
  college student, health promoting school, tobacco control strategies, healthy weight management initiative, sexuality education strategies
• 目標：自2012年起，台灣大專院校積極推動健康促進學校(HPS)計畫，並多數獲得政府補助，但僅少數學校被評定為績優學校。本研究旨在探討2019至2021年間，影響大專校院於HPS計畫中表現優異的校級決定因素。方法：本研究分析145所學校的資料，資料來源包括校級現況調查問卷與年度健康促進評估報告。調查問卷內容涵蓋五大面向：學校政策、學校人力組成、醫療服務量能、實證健康促進策略、菸害相關措施及無菸校園政策。評估報告則透過過程與成效指標，評估學校在菸害防制、體位管理與性教育三大領域的推動情形。表現排名前10%的學校被歸類為「績優學校」。研究先以卡方檢定與t檢定篩選具統計顯著差異的變項，再以羅吉斯迴歸進一步分析主要預測因子，最後以結構方程模型探討校級變項與績優表現間的關係。結果：績優學校在學生人數、教職員規模與補助經費上顯著高於其他學校，並在體位管理、性教育與菸害防制三個領域執行更多實證健康策略。SEM結果顯示，教職員人數可正向預測學生人數與校園健康中心規模，進而影響校護人數與戒菸服務的提供。同時，體位管理策略可進一步促進菸害防制策略的實施，並間接帶動性教育策略的推動，顯示三者間的連動性。結論：本研究指出學校資源配置、健康人力支持，以及跨領域實證策略的全面落實，是提升HPS成效的關鍵。研究結果可作為政策制訂與學校健康促進規劃的重要參考。
  Objectives: Since 2012, Taiwanese universities and colleges have actively implemented health promoting school (HPS) programs, with most institutions receiving funding subsidies. However, only a small proportion have demonstrated superior performance. This study examined the school-level determinants associated with superior performance in universities and colleges participating in HPS programs from 2019 to 2021. Methods: Data from 145 universities and colleges were analyzed using the School Status Survey Questionnaire and Annual Health Promotion Evaluation Reports. The questionnaire assessed school policy, the composition of school personnel, healthcare capacity, evidence-based health promotion strategies, tobacco-related practices, and smoke-free campus policies. The reports, in turn, evaluated tobacco control, weight management, and sexuality education through process and impact assessments. Institutions ranking in the top 10% were classified as superior-performing. Chi-square tests and t-tests identified significant variables, followed by logistic regression to examine key predictors. Structural equation modeling (SEM) examined the relationships between school-level variables and superior performance. Results: Superior-performing institutions had significantly greater student enrollment, more faculty and staff, and higher subsidy funding. These schools also implemented significantly more evidence-based strategies across the domains of weight management, sexuality education, and tobacco control. SEM results revealed that faculty and staff numbers positively predicted student enrollment and campus health center size, which in turn influenced the number of campus nurses and the provision of smoking cessation services. Path analysis revealed that weight management strategies influenced tobacco control strategies, which in turn impacted sexuality education strategies, highlighting their interconnection. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of institutional resources, human capital, and comprehensive implementation of evidence-based strategies in driving superior HPS performance. The results provide valuable insights for policy development and institutional planning to strengthen health promotion initiatives in higher education.
• 154-170
• 10.6288/TJPH.202504_44(2).113053

• Link 原著 Original Article
• 類風濕性關節炎病人生病知情與疾病適應之探究Disease cognition and adaptation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
• 童伊廸
  Yi-Ti Tung
• 類風濕性關節炎、疾病適應、生病知情
  rheumatoid arthritis, disease adaptation, illness cognition
• 目標：類風濕性關節炎是病因不明的自體免疫疾病，國人盛行率約0.4%，發病年齡在30-50歲之間。女性發生率與盛行率高於男性，男性死亡率高於女性。只能控制病情難以治癒。本研究目的在瞭解類風濕性關節炎病人從症狀出現、疾病診斷到治療的經歷，探究病人生病後的社會心理歷程及適應經驗。方法：採質性研究焦點團體訪談收集資料，招募31位類風濕性關節炎病人，以半結構訪談大綱進行6個焦點團體，並將訪談資料轉成逐字稿進行內容分析。結果：疾病歷程分四面向：1.對於疾病症狀的忽視、忍耐等導致延遲診斷治療使病人處於混亂狀態;2.治療中病人長期面對疼痛、關節變形等壓力;3.病人因疾病難以解釋承受病恥感;4.病人需學習帶病生活重拾身心平衡。結論：本研究發現類風濕性關節炎病人若能自我寬容、重塑生活秩序與自我意識有較佳疾病適應。建議醫療體系於免疫系統疾病診斷與治療提供整合性服務，醫院社工師宜主動關懷病人，以個案管理輔助病人自我疾病照護與連結社會支持。
  Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Its prevalence in the Taiwanese population is approximately 0.4%. RA primarily affects individuals aged 30–50 years. The incidence and prevalence of RA are higher in women than in men. Although RA cannot be cured, it can be managed and controlled. This qualitative study explored disease awareness and adaptation in patients with RA. Their subjective perspectives and psychological adjustment needs were assessed to enhance well-being and quality of life. Methods: Six focus groups were conducted with patients with RA (N=31). The focus groups were guided by a semistructured interview framework. The discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to content analysis to identify key themes and insights. Results: Content analysis revealed four distinct phases: initial symptom manifestation, characterized by confusion and delayed diagnosis; ongoing treatment, characterized by pain, deformities, and distress; stigma and self-deconstruction arising from unexplained symptoms; and eventual adaptation through attitude adjustments, disease acceptance, and increased social participation. Disease adaptation facilitated coexistence with the condition. Conclusions: Disease adjustment, self-compassion, and identity reconstruction play key roles in adapting to RA. We recommend integrating multidisciplinary health-care resources to provide comprehensive care, encouraging active involvement of hospital social workers in addressing patients' psychosocial needs, and establishing a case management system to enhance patients' self-management skills and access to essential social support services.
• 171-182
• 10.6288/TJPH.202504_44(2).113104

• Link 原著 Original Article
• COVID-19院內群聚感染期間醫療從業人員壓力程度及其影響因子之探討—以桃園某區域醫院為例 Stress levels and influencing factors among health-care workers during a nosocomial cluster infection period of the covid-19 pandemic — a case study of a regional hospital in Taoyuan
• 鄭爵儀、鍾國彪
  Chueh-Yi Cheng, Kuo-Piao Chung
• COVID-19、院內群聚感染、醫療從業人員、壓力
  COVID-19, nosocomial cluster infection, healthcare workers, stress
• 目標：自COVID-19疫情爆發，因台灣防疫有成，直到2021年1月11日才在桃園某區域醫院，爆發第一例大規模院內群聚感染案件。整個案件至2021年2月23日結束，在44天內總共確診21名本土個案，包含兩位醫師及四位護理師。在院內群聚感染期間，醫護人員面臨較平時更多心理壓力，將對醫療從業人員的心理健康產生影響。本文探討COVID-19院內群聚感染期間，該院醫療從業人員壓力程度及其影響因子。方法：採橫斷式研究，透過線上問卷填答，自變項包含社會人口學及工作組織變項共13項，依變項為醫護人員照顧高危險性傳染病患之壓力量表，內容包含四大構面：擔心與社會隔離、防護裝備引起的不適、感染與控制的焦慮及照顧病人的負擔，總共32題，每題採Likert 4分法，由無壓力(0分)~重度壓力(3分)，總分為0~96分，結果採用多變項迴歸分析進行統計檢定。結果：參與研究之醫療從業人員共950人，整體壓力介於輕度到中度壓力之間，在四個構面中，以防護裝備引起的不適為最高，而單題項中最高的前三名為擔心親友被自己傳染、擔心感染後與家人及孩子分離，以及害怕自己被感染;在多變項統計發現，有未成年孩子者、主要工作在病房組、擔任護理師與被列為確診、居家隔離或自主健康管理者的壓力感受程度較高，而年齡、性別、婚姻狀況以及是否直接照護COVID-19病人與壓力感受之間無顯著相關。結論：院內群聚感染時，醫院應該提供數量充足且尺寸齊全的防護裝備，並制定合理輪班計畫及使用輕便且合規的裝備，來減輕防護裝備引起的不適。另外，針對壓力的高風險族群，院方應透過提供心理支持資源、制定靈活排班制度以及營造支持性氛圍等，來減輕醫療人員壓力。
  Objectives: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Taiwan’s successful pandemic prevention measures delayed the occurrence of large-scale nosocomial infections until January 11, 2021, when the first major cluster infection emerged in a regional hospital in Taoyuan. This cluster infection outbreak lasted until February 23, 2021, spanning 44 days and resulting in confirmed local COVID-19 infections in 21 patients, including 2 physicians and 4 nurses. During this period, health-care workers in the hospital experienced increased psychological stress compared with the stress experienced under routine conditions, potentially affecting their mental health. This study investigated stress levels among health-care workers in the hospital during the nosocomial cluster infection period and the factors influencing the stress levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire. Independent variables included 13 sociodemographic and organizational factors, and the dependent variable was the Stress Scale of Caring for Highly Infectious Disease Patients among Health-care Workers score. This scale comprises four dimensions: concern about social isolation, discomfort caused by protective equipment, anxiety about infection and control, and burden of patient care. The scale has a total of 32 items scored on a 4-point Likert scale with endpoints ranging from 0 (“no stress”) to 3 (“severe stress”); the total score ranges from 0 to 96 points. Multivariate regression was employed for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 950 health-care workers participated in this study. Overall, the total stress levels among the health-care workers ranged from mild to moderate. Among the four dimensions, discomfort caused by protective equipment had the highest score. The top three items with the highest scores were concerns about infecting family and friends, fear of separation from family and children due to infection, and fear of self-infection. Multivariate analysis revealed that having underage children, working primarily in wards, being a nurse, having confirmed COVID-19 infection, being under home quarantine, or implementing self-health management were associated with relatively high stress levels. Age, gender, marital status, and whether providing direct care to COVID-19 patients were not significantly associated with stress levels. Conclusions: During nosocomial outbreaks, hospitals should provide sufficient and appropriately sized protective equipment, implement reasonable shift schedules, and adopt lightweight and compliant protective gear to reduce health-care workers’ discomfort from the equipment. Additionally, for high-risk groups, targeted interventions should be implemented, including providing psychological support resources, establishing flexible scheduling systems, and fostering a supportive work environment to alleviate stress among health-care workers.
• 183-195
• 10.6288/TJPH.202504_44(2).113092

• Link 實務 Public Health Practice
• 住院管灌病人被不當磨粉給藥之醫療耗用與省思Inappropriate crushing of controlled-release medications in enteral-feeding inpatients: medical utilization and considerations
• 施如亮、林庭安
  Ru-Liang Shih, Ting-An Lin
• 管灌、不當磨粉、醫療耗用、醫療品質、病人安全
  enteral-feeding, inappropriate crushing, medical utilization, medical quality, patient safety
• 目標：本研究旨在探討國內住院管灌病人被不當磨粉給藥之現況，主要標的是「控制釋放錠」，並以「藥費」計算其衍生出的醫療耗用情形，籲請醫療人員的重視。方法：利用全民健康保險研究資料庫之「全民健保處方及治療醫令明細檔―住院」，統計分析2016年1月1日至2020年12月31日期間健保特約醫事機構中裝有鼻胃管病人，且於住院期間醫師有處方控制釋放錠的藥費。結果：住院管灌病人被不當磨粉的藥費5年總計約為10，976萬元，平均每年約2，195萬元。藥物被不當磨粉的鼻胃管插管人數占鼻胃管插管總人數之比率，五年平均約為52.8%，即有一半以上的插管病人都有藥物被不當磨粉之情事。結論：錠劑被不當磨粉的作業，古今中外一直存在，然因而造成不確定療效及安全性的後果及醫療浪費，卻顯然被忽視。倘醫療人員對於藥物不當磨粉給藥的認知不足，帶來的將會是對病人的治療失當及醫療糾紛，不可不慎。期盼藥商、醫事人員、藥物管理機關能共同合作，對醫療品質及病人安全進行把關。
  Objectives: This study investigated the current situation of inappropriate crus hing of controlled-release tablets among hospitalized patients receiving enteral feeding in Taiwan. Moreover, the study evaluated the associated medical expenses, calculated on the basis of “medication costs,” to raise awareness among health-care professionals. Methods: Using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database, specifically the National Health Insurance Prescription and Treatment Details—Inpatient, the study analyzed medication costs for patients with a nasogastric tube (NGT) who were prescribed controlled-release tablets during their hospitalization at National Health Insurance–contracted medical institutions between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020. Results: Over the 5-year period, the total medication cost resulting from inappropriate crushing of controlled-release tablets was approximately NT$109.76 million, with the average annual cost being NT$21.95 million. Approximately 52.8% of NGT patients received improperly crushed medications, indicating that more than half of such patients experienced inappropriate medication administration. Conclusions: The improper crushing of tablets remains a persistent global concern, resulting in uncertain therapeutic efficacy, safety concerns, and medical waste; nevertheless, this issue is often overlooked. Inadequate awareness among health-care professionals regarding the risks of inappropriate medication crushing may lead to suboptimal treatment outcomes and potential medical disputes. Accordingly, health-care providers, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory authorities must collaborate to ensure health-care quality and patient safety.
• 196-204
• 10.6288/TJPH.202504_44(2).113079

• Link 評論 Commentary
• 評論：住院管灌病人被不當磨粉給藥之醫療耗用與省思 Commentary: inappropriate crushing of controlled-release medications in enteral-feeding inpatients: medical utilization and considerations
• 譚家惠
  Chia-Hui Tan
• 無none
  無none
• 無none
  無none
• 205
• 10.6288/TJPH.202504_44(2).11307901

• Link 作者回覆 Authors' response to commentary
• 作者回覆：住院管灌病人被不當磨粉給藥之醫療耗用與省思 Authorsʼ response to commentary: inappropriate crushing of controlled-release medications in enteral-feeding inpatients: medical utilization and considerations
• 施如亮、林庭安
  Ru-Liang Shih, Ting-An Lin
• 無none
  無none
• 無none
  無none
• 206
• 10.6288/TJPH.202504_44(2).11307902