1卷1期

• Link 其他 Others
• 創刋號序言創刋號序言
• 吳新英
  吳新英
• 無
  none
• 無
  none
• 1 - 1
• 10.6288/JNPHARC1982-01-01-01

• Link 綜論 Review Article
• 基層醫療衛生服務國際會議二十二項建議之探討基層醫療衛生服務國際會議二十二項建議之探討
• 張智康、 王惟
  張智康、 王惟
• 無
  none
• 無
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• 3 - 7
• 10.6288/JNPHARC1982-01-01-02

• Link 綜論 Review Article
• 邁向更好的醫療保健服務體系－論社會大衆，醫療人員和政府機構之期望與調和邁向更好的醫療保健服務體系－論社會大衆，醫療人員和政府機構之期望與調和
• 藍忠孚
  藍忠孚
• 無
  none
• 無
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• 8 - 11
• 10.6288/JNPHARC1982-01-01-03

• Link 綜論 Review Article
• 什麽是健康呢？什麽是健康呢？
• 江東亮
  Tung-Liang Chiang
• 無
  Health ; Disease ; and Living
• 今天，健康是一項基本人權，是人類最重要的社會價值之一。但是，?了達到這個目的，我們不能夠沒有適當的健康的概念。Cardus(1973)曾經提出四點理由，來說明?什麼要定義健康。他說，第一，有了適當的定義，我們可以從非醫療方面來增進健康；其次，健康的概念可以幫助我們瞭解人類的行?以及將來人類在求生存之途上會遭遇的困阨；第三，積極的健康的定義是防治慢性病與提倡預防醫學的基礎；最後，一個好的健康的定義是衛生計畫與衛生評價的根本。事實上，在西方社會裹，有不少的學者與專家非常重視健康的概念與計量，例如：WHO(19-57)，Sullivan(1966)，Moriyama(1968)，Wylie(1970)，Goldsmith(1972)，Lerner(1973a)，Elinson(1974)，Twaddle(1974)，Blum(1974)，Schlenger(1976)，Siegman et al.(1977)，Idler(1979)，和Baranowski(1981)。 本文將從「定義者」的分類，來研究健康的意義。?了達到這個目的，下面將分成四個部分加以討論：(1)比較字典上健康的定義；(2)比較近代衛生界對健康的定義；(3)探討社會學方面對健康的看法；以及最後(4)討論：養生之道。
  The concept of health has evolved over time. In the Western society, the concept of health had been narrowed down gradually since Hippocrates. In the eighteenth century, it was almost restricted to the state of bodily balance. However, after reviewing the definitions of health and disease by dictionary since 1771, it is found that afterward the dimensions of health have been again enlarged. Today, physical and mental components of health are well recognized in dictionaries, but social component is not. On the other hand, those in the field of health services and sociology have explored the concept of health deeply and the definitions of health are varied nowadays. It is hypothesized that the diversity in the concept of health is the rellection of definer's perceiving the philosophy of life. As a matter of fact, the' essence of health is part of life and is manifested by the biological functions and daily living, therefore, health is defined as living with relatively effective physical, mental and social functioning. The significance of this definition is the implication that health has its root in the process of living and should be promoted from the manner of life.
• 12-29
• 10.6288/JNPHARC1982-01-01-04

• Link 綜論 Review Article
• 工業衛生是環境保護的先鋒之一Industrial Hygiene is one of the Major Frontlines of Environmental Protection
• 王榮德
  Jung-Der Wang
• 無
  none
• 二次世界大戰戰復，工業急速發展，化學物污染也日趨嚴重。工業衛生如果沒作好，就會引起環境中氣相與液相的污染，甚而輾轉由食物鏈進入人體，於是不僅工人受害，社區居民亦同受其害。作者說已往已發生的各種環境病的例子（鉛，汞，多氯聯苯，多溴聯苯等等），探討其成因，顯示污染物的來源主要來自工業衛生的缺失。台灣近幾年來亦有不少個案發生。以我們所處環境，地狹人稠，緊急時要撤離眾多人口不易；加上化學物中多有致癌性、致畸胎性及危害神經及生殖系統者，我們非趕快大力推展工業衛生，以防範未然，自救救人，並保護我們的下一代不可。以預防醫學的觀點來看，環境病及職業病防治，從控制污染源著手最有效而經濟。常用的方法在工業衛生方面有取代法、密封法、自動化、自動排氣加上空氣清淨裝置、濕法、回收法，定期維護防治設備及評估其效果等等。
  Industrial production, accompanied with potential chemical pollution to the environment, has accelerated since second world war. Poor practice of industrial hygiene not only makes the workers exposed to hazardous contaminants through air, water or food chain, but also threatens the health of people living in the nearby community. Several case histories of environmental pollution (lead, mercury, PCB, PBB, etc.) that produced health hazards to the community were reviewed to show the significance of such instances. In recent years, there were also signs of increased frequency of such problems in Taiwan. Considering the high population density and the severity of the potential health hazard (e. g. carcinogenesity, teratogenesity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, etc.), we had better promote comprehensive industrial hygiene programs immediately throughout this country in order to protect us and our sons and daughters from future tragedy. Fran the viewpoint of preventive medicine occupational and environmental diseases are most effectively and least costly prevented at the source of contaminant generation. At the industrial sources, the goal can probably be achieved through combinations of following measures: substitution, enclosure, automation, local exhaust ventilation plus air cleaning device, wet method, re-absorption and re-use of toxic chemicals, periodic maintenance of control device and evaluatiion of its effectiveness.
• 30 - 34
• 10.6288/JNPHARC1982-01-01-05

• Link 原著 Original Article
• 影響傷病發生與醫療行爲之多變數分析研究Factors Influencing the Self-Reported Illness and the Patterns of Health Behavior in Taiwan Area
• 吳淑瓊、楊志良、吳新英
  吳淑瓊、楊志良、吳新英
• 無
  Self-reported ; illness ; Health ; Behavior
• 為了探討影響民?自覺傷病之發生頻率與醫療行為機轉之各因素，特針對民國68-69年間舉行之「國民健康先驅調查研究」中曾自覺發生傷病個案者計3771名，進行各項傷病發生與求醫行為資料之整理，並利用複?歸與複相關之統計方法分析結果發現“傷病型態”、“年齡”二變項與傷病發生頻率最具相關；而與急性、慢性傷病個案之傷病發生頻率具最強相關者，則分別為“年齡”與“血型”變項。又對民?醫療行為型態影響較鉅之因素為社會文化因素中之“大?媒體接觸頻率”變項，健康狀況因素中之“傷病發生頻率”和“傷病型態”變項，及人口因素中之“年齡”與“籍貫變項等。一般而言，大?媒體接觸頻率高、年齡小、外省籍者較多採取“只求西醫”之方式，而大?媒體接觸頻率低、年齡大、傷病頻率高，非慢性病者之“複向求醫”傾向較大。
  To investigate factors which influence the frequency of self-reported illness and kinds of behavior been taken subsquently, We conduct a study on 3771 cases who had self-reported illness among the sample of ”A Pilot Study of Health Survey”, which was performed in the period of 1979-1980. The data was analyzed with multivariate regression and correlation techniques. We found that the frequency of reported illness is strongly correlated with patterns (acute and chronic) of illness and Patient's age. When all patients were stratified by patterns of illness, the age and blood type are the major influencing variables among those with acute and chronic conditions, respectively. Factors which show major influence over health behavior are: frequency of news exposure, frequency and patterns of illness, age, and domicil. In general, people with more frequent news exposure, younger age, and the mainlanders tend to seek western medical service only, while people with less frequent news exposure, older age, more frequent of illness, and acute condition tend to seek mixed kinds (western, chinese, herb, and folk medicine etc.) of medical treatment.
• 35 - 45
• 10.6288/JNPHARC1982-01-01-06

• Link 原著 Original Article
• 台北市初婚婦女家庭計劃工作方式之商確A Discussion about the Way to Approach Taipei City's Newly Weds for Family Planning
• 陳肇男、江千代、 陳瓊如
  Chao-Nan Chen, Chien-Dai Chaing, Chun-Zue Chen
• 無
  none
• 年輕婦女對台灣人口問題的影響一直深受人口學者之關切，其原因有二，其一：年輕婦女之數量呈現快速的成長，其二：年輕婦女之生育率維持偏高的態勢。這兩種情形，使得台灣地區的出生率仍然居高不下。人口學者乃建議年輕婦女之家庭計畫教育工作為當前必急之務。其中當然包括新婚婦女之教育工作。 本文資料取自“台北市郵購保險實驗研究”之第一回合調查資料。該調查後以民國七十年八月在台北市登記結婚之婦女為母體，以系統抽樣法抽取五二○名新婚婦女進行訪視，結果僅訪到二四二名新婚婦女。 該次調查重點側重新婚婦女對家庭計畫之知識、態度與實行率之探討。結果發現新婚婦女已具備良好之家庭計畫知識與態度，避孕方法使用率雖低，係在預期之中。而最引人注意的是“重男輕女”觀念的褪色，在台灣地區歷次調查中係第一次出現的現象。 而本文所最關切的乃是利用戶籍制度以求系統性教育新婚婦女的時效性。結果發現兩種因素使得戶籍制度可利用之時效性打了折了折扣，第一、結婚申報延遲一年或以上者佔多數；第二、空戶，遷出、寄戶等情形很多，使得訪視完成率偏低。此外，也發現大部份社會人口變數已無法解釋家庭計畫知識、態度與實行之差異。其他指標，如情境因素等之探求應是未來的研究重點。
  A concern about the contribution of young women in Taiwan's population problem had been shared among demographers. They had pointed out that the rapid increase in size and relatively high fertility of young women were two critical obstacles for the lowering of Taiwan's birth rate. They, thus, suggested that the education of young women, including newly weds, was compelling. The data of this article were derived from the first round survey of an experiment about condom purchase by mailing in Taipei City. In the survey 520 newly weds were systematically selected from the list of women who registered their marriage in August 1981. However, only 242 women were successfully interviewed. Basically, it was an KAP survey. It found that the newly weds had good knowledge and favorable attitude toward family planning. The practice rate was reasonably low. It was interesting to find that boy preference was fading away for the first time in Taiwan Area. What was most concerned in this article was the efficiency of using household registration to systematically reach newly weds. However, two difficulties were observed. One was that most of marriage registrations were delayed for one year or more. The other was that newly weds were to locate because of mobility and de jure registration system. The two reasons made interview accomplishment rate relatively low. Moreover, they devalued the usefulness of household registration system. In addition, it was found that most of the socio-demographic variables was unable to explain KAP differentials. Other indicators, for example situational factors, had to be investigated in future studies.
• 46 - 57
• 10.6288/JNPHARC1982-01-01-07

• Link 實務 Public Health Practice
• 台灣地區公共衛生之建立：其沿革、演變及展望(1945-1980)Development & Trend of Taiwan Public Health Services in Taiwan, R. O. C.
• 顏春輝
  C. H. Yen
• 無
  none
• 關於台灣地區公共衛生事業建立之起源及其演變情況，作者較早雖有幾篇之報告陸續發表於中外醫學文刊(1，2，3，4，5)，但尚缺一較完整性的報導，是故際於中華民國公共衛生學會發行創刊號時，特以實地體驗事蹟來記述台灣地區自光復後三卡六年來，公共衛生設施樹立之沿革、演變及檢討其未來發展方向。
  A comprehensieve system of Public health Service was developed in Taiwan area, R.O. C. only after 1947 since repossession by the Chinese Government. During the past 30 years, there were outstanding achievements in the care of healths of the people which are illustrated by the deduction of crude death rate of 18.14 per 1000 in 1947 to 4.76 in 1977, and the life expectancies at birth increased from 53.1 years for males & 57.3 for females in 1951 to 67.6 and 73.1 for male & females respectively. During the decades also have been a definite change in leading causes of death as well as health problems. Thus: (1)Acute infection diseases such as Plague, Malaria, Cholera, Smallpox & Rabies have been eradicated. (2)Other infection dieases such as Enteric fevers, Poliomyelitis, Diptheris, Tubercubsis, Jap. Encephalitis have been greatly reduced. (3)There have been increased some outstanding causes of deaths namely: Cerebrovascular diease, Cancer & Accidents are the top three. Since 1977, also Hepatitis B, Cirrhosis of the liver, Hepatoma are becoming more important public health. In addition, the problems of pollution, Industrial hazards & Occupational health need to be attended to in the future.
• 58 - 63
• 10.6288/JNPHARC1982-01-01-08

• Link 實務 Public Health Practice
• 農民主動解決農村基層醫療保健照應之嘗試－鄉村醫療保健狂想曲農民主動解決農村基層醫療保健照應之嘗試－鄉村醫療保健狂想曲
• 許國敏
  許國敏
• 無
  none
• 無
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• 64 - 69
• 10.6288/JNPHARC1982-01-01-09

• Link 實務 Public Health Practice
• 鄕村衛生之改善鄕村衛生之改善
• 張坤崗
  張坤崗
• 無
  none
• 無
  none
• 70 - 73
• 10.6288/JNPHARC1982-01-01-10