42卷1期

• Link 政策論壇 Policy Forum
• 台灣青少年自殺行為：近期趨勢監測之啟示Adolescent suicidal behavior in Taiwan: the implications of monitoring recent trends
• 張奕涵、張書森
  Yi-Han Chang, Shu-Sen Chang
• 無
  none
• 無
  none
• 1-8
• 10.6288/TJPH.202302_42(1).PF01

• Link 公衛今與昔 Public Health Now and Then
• 重探人際傳播的力量：「自然幫助人模式」在社區健康傳播的運用Re-visit the power of interpersonal communication: the implication of natural helper model in community-based health promotion
• 盧鴻毅
  Hung-Yi Lu
• 無
  none
• 無
  none
• 9-16
• 10.6288/TJPH.202302_42(1).111086

• Link 綜論 Review Article
• 當代生殖消費：以跨國大型商業精子銀行為考察對象Contemporary reproductive consumption: a literature review of international commercial sperm banks
• 孫佳婷
  Chia-Ting Sun
• 供體精子、捐贈受孕家庭、跨境生殖照護、人工協助生殖科技、跨國大型商業精子銀行
  donor sperm, donor-conceived families, cross-border reproductive care (CBRC), assisted reproductive technology (ART), international commercial sperm bank (ICSB)
• 生殖消費是人們透過消費進行生殖實踐的過程，本文主要針對以跨國大型商業精子銀行（international commercial sperm bank, ICSB）為對象之生殖消費開展考察。跨國大型商業精子銀行雖對女性生育與多元型態家庭構建提供了重要支持，成為全球跨境生殖照護與供體精子網絡中的要角，但人們對其評價分歧、多有批判，且目前相關論述多源自歐美，研究分佈亦呈現不均，台灣公眾與學術界對此則幾無相關討論。因此，本文旨在對相關文獻進行回顧與分析，以作為大眾理解跨國大型商業精子銀行與生殖消費的基礎。本文採用次級資料研究法，於2014年至2021年間，對學術文獻、專書、國際新聞媒體文本、國際組織資料庫、精子銀行及診所網站資料進行蒐羅與整合，並依據「以ICSB為對象之生殖消費」、「網路作為生殖消費之媒介與其管理」、「生殖消費與家庭網絡建構」及「生殖實踐中的消費選擇」之主題，分別呈現既有研究與常見論辯面向。本文認為，以生殖消費作為軸線，可為我們分析ICSB提供新的論述空間與資源，有利於未來賡續於研究與實務面向，對ICSB此一全球議題進行深入探究。
  Reproductive consumption is the process of reproductive practice through commercial means. This paper focuses on reproductive consumption in international commercial sperm banks. International commercial sperm banks support female fertility and diverse family-making, and they facilitate cross-border reproductive care and donor sperm networks; nevertheless, they have been subject to various criticisms and valuations. To date, most of the relevant discourse originates in Europe and the United States, and the distribution of research is uneven; moreover, discussion of this topic in Taiwan at both the public and academic levels is limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review and analyze the literature to enhance the understanding of international commercial sperm banks and reproductive consumption for further research and practical work. The study adopted secondary research as the primary research method and collected and integrated relevant material from the academic literature, monographs, international news media, international organization databases, and websites of sperm banks and clinics for the period from 2014 to 2021. Extant studies and common debates were categorized under the themes “reproductive consumption in international commercial sperm banks,” “the internet as a medium of reproductive consumption and its management,” “reproductive consumption and family network construction,” and “consumption choices in reproductive practices.” The author argues that the use of reproductive consumption as a framework offers a new space and resource for analyzing international commercial sperm banks, which is conducive to the further investigation of international commercial sperm banks for both research and practice.
• 17-29
• 10.6288/TJPH.202302_42(1).111049

• Link 原著 Original Article
• 不同介入措施對COVID-19中重症疫情控制的成效探討Effectiveness of different measures in reducing the daily number of moderate to severe cases of COVID-19
• 鄭珺元、王亮懿
  Michael Chun-Yuan Cheng, Liang-Yi Wang
• 新冠肺炎、住院率、介入措施、分枝模型
  COVID-19, hospitalization rate, intervention measures, Branching model
• 目標：新冠肺炎的介入措施可分為針對個人層面的個案型介入（如接觸者回溯或檢疫）與針對大眾的群體型介入（如口罩與疫苗），隨疫情流感化趨勢與疫苗施打，防疫目標從清零轉為降低中重症個案對醫療的衝擊，故本研究欲探討不同介入措施對於中重症住院人數的影響。方法：本研究使用Hellewell等人於2020年開發出的分枝模型(branching model)進行模擬，搭配Omicron變種病毒的流行病學資料與不同假設情境，並計算不同介入措施組合下的每日住院人 數作為評價依據。結果：本研究發現群體型介入比個案型介入有效，但在較高強度的群體型介入下加入個案型介入，會有較佳的效果，而若疫苗能有效降低染疫後住院率，應優先提高疫苗覆蓋率而非追求疫苗避免感染有效性，以減緩對醫療量能的衝擊。結論：在鬆綁個案型介入的過程中，需考量是否已有一定群體型介入的支持，同時若希望能控制中重症與住院人數，須提高疫苗覆蓋率而不是以追求疫苗避免感染有效性為優先事項。
  Objectives: Interventions for controlling COVID-19 can be classified into case-based (e.g., contact tracing and quarantining) and population-based (e.g., using masks and receiving vaccines) measures. The objective of pandemic control has now shifted from reducing the daily number of cases to reducing that of hospitalizations through vaccination. COVID-19 has started exhibiting flu-like characteristics. Therefore, in this study, we compared different measures in terms of their effectiveness in reducing the daily number of moderate to severe cases of COVID-19. Methods: The branching model developed by Hellewell (2020) was used for simulation. The epidemiological data of the Omicron variant and various hypothetical scenarios were analyzed. The outcome variable of our study was the daily number of hospitalizations under different measures and their combinations. Results: Population-based measures were more effective than case-based measures; however, their combination led to the best outcomes. If vaccination reduced the number of COVID-19-related hospitalizations, the focus was on increasing vaccine coverage to increase medical capacity rather than enhancing vaccine efficacy. Conclusions: While loosening case-based measures, the government must consider whether population-based measures can support this change. Furthermore, to reduce the daily number of moderate to severe cases of COVID-19, vaccine coverage, rather than vaccine efficacy, must be improved.
• 32-41
• 10.6288/TJPH.202302_42(1).111098

• Link 原著 Original Article
• 衛生行政機關人員的職場暴力經驗與其身心健康影響：COVID-19疫情期間的調查Workplace violence and associations with health outcomes in public health administration agencies in Taiwan: a survey during the COVID-19 pandemic
• 王怡婷、鄭雅文
  Yi-Ting Wang, Yawen Cheng
• 衛生行政機關、職場暴力、職場社會心理特質、職業健康、新冠肺炎
  public health administration agencies, workplace violence, psychosocial work characteristics, occupational health, COVID-19
• 目標：探討衛生行政機關人員於疫情期間的職場暴力經驗與身心健康影響。方法：於2022年3月間，針對衛生福利部、所屬衛生行政機關及各縣市衛生局所任職一年以上之工作人員進行網路問卷調查，以結構式問卷且以不記名方式蒐集資料，有效樣本492份。結果：過去一年曾遭遇肢體、言語、心理或性騷擾任一形式職場暴力之盛行率為48.17%；以言語暴力最普遍（43.50%），心理暴力次之（31.71%）。言語與心理暴力的最主要來源為上司，其次為服務對象，再其次為同事。調查結果並顯示，衛生行政機關人員之工時、工作心理負荷、工作體力負荷偏高，而自評健康不佳盛行率為22.97%，個人疲勞分數高於50分為60.57%，心理健康不佳為63.41%。迴歸分析顯示，職場正義低落是工作者遭遇組織內部言語及心理暴力之主要相關因素；例行工作與民眾直接互動，則是遭遇組織外部言語暴力之主要相關因素；過去一年曾遭遇職場暴力，與自評健康不佳、心理健康不佳及個人疲勞有相關，尤以來自組織內部的職場暴力對健康影響較為顯著。結論：本調查以網路無記名方式進行，因此樣本代表性有其限制，然而衛生行政機關人員在疫情期間的工作負荷與職場暴力問題仍是需關注的議題。
  Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of workplace violence in public health administration agencies and its effects on health outcomes. Methods: A survey was conducted in March 2022. Staff who had been working for at least one year in the Ministry of Health and Welfare or its subordinate agencies, the Department of Health, or in public health centers were recruited. Data were collected anonymously with a structured, online questionnaire. A total of 492 valid questionnaires were collected. Results: A total of 48.17% participants reported having experienced workplace violence (physical, psychological, verbal, or sexual). The most common type of violence was verbal (43.50%), followed by psychological (31.71%). Supervisors were the primary perpetrators of verbal and psychological violence, followed by clients and colleagues. Staff reported long working hours and high levels of psychological and physical stress. Furthermore, 22.97% of workers reported poor self-rated health, 60.57% had personal burnout levels higher than 50, and 63.41% reported poor mental health. Regression analyses showed that low workplace justice was most strongly associated with internal verbal and psychological violence, whereas routine work requiring interaction with the public was most strongly associated with external verbal violence. Staff who had experienced workplace violence in the past year had significantly higher risks of poor self-rated health, mental health, and personal burnout, and poor health was more strongly associated with workplace violence that originated inside the organization than with workplace violence that originated from outside the organization. Conclusions: This survey was conducted on-line anonymously, so the representativeness of our findings might be limited. However, heavy workloads and workplace violence in public health administration agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic are important issues deserving urgent attention.
• 42-61
• 10.6288/TJPH.202302_42(1).111102

• Link 原著 Original Article
• 出生前對羥基苯甲酸酯暴露與兒童肥胖及其腸道菌相組成之相關性探討Prenatal exposure to parabens in relation to childhood obesity and the gut microbiome
• 陳　瑩、郭錦輯、陳亭妏、王淑麗
  Ying Chen, Chin-Chi Kuo, Ting-Wen Chen, Shu-Li Wang
• 對羥基苯甲酸酯、產前暴露、兒童肥胖、腸道菌叢
  parabens, prenatal exposure, childhood obesity, gut microbiome
• 目標：對羥基苯甲酸酯（Parabens, PB）作為常見防腐劑也具有干擾內分泌的特性。過去研究指出產前PB的暴露會干擾人體內分泌和代謝信號並可能會對健康造成長期的影響。本研究欲探討孕婦PB暴露對孩童過重與其腸道菌分布的影響。方法：納入台灣婦幼世代研究（TMICS）在中部地區的284組母子。以液相層析串聯式質譜儀（LC-MS/MS）檢測孕婦尿中四種常見的PB，包括對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、對羥基苯甲酸乙酯、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯、對羥基苯甲酸丁酯。將98位兒童的糞便樣本以總基因體定序法（shotgun metagenomics sequencing）獲得腸道菌的組成和相對豐度，再分析產前PB暴露與兒童成長及腸道菌相之相關性。結果：產前PB暴露增加，觀察到男童的身高顯著降低，胸圍則較寬，而女童的BMI則較高。在腸道菌部分，顯著減少了分解多醣、纖維等有益物種的豐度，如Barnesiella spp、Bacteroides uniformis和Eubacterium rectale。相反地，伺機性菌種明顯增加，並干擾了能量攝入的調節。結論：產前PB對出生至學齡前兒童具潛在的致肥胖性，並影響其腸道菌叢的分布，而對於在青春期後成長情形的影響與腸道菌相組成的變化，待進一步研究做驗證。
  Objectives: Parabens, which are common antimicrobial preservatives, are considered to be endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Previous studies regarding maternal exposure to paraben have shown that disturbances in physiological endocrine and metabolic signals during early childhood may lead to the long-term adverse health effects in children. We investigated the effects of maternal exposure to paraben on childhood obesity and gut microbiome diversity. Methods: We collected the data on 284 maternalinfant pairs from the central region of Taiwan Maternal-Infant Cohort Study. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect 4 common parabens, including methyl-paraben, ethyl-paraben, propyl-paraben, and butyl-paraben in maternal urinary samples. In addition, shotgun metagenomics sequencing was used to analyze 98 children’s fecal samples. Results: Greater maternal exposure to paraben was observed in boys who were significantly shorter and with wider chest circumferences and in girls with higher body mass index. Increased maternal exposure to paraben significantly reduced the abundance of several species, such as Barnesiella, Bacteroides uniformis, and Eubacterium rectale, but increased the abundance of several opportunistic pathogens, which interfered with the regulation of energy consumption. Conclusions: Maternal exposure to paraben promoted the development of obesity in girls and disrupted the diversity of gut microbial community. Maternal exposure to paraben may promote obesity in children at preschooler age. In addition, additional studies on the effects of the composition of the gut microbiome after puberty are required.
• 62-74
• 10.6288/TJPH.202302_42(1).111099

• Link 原著 Original Article
• 醫師對新興傳染病疫苗強制接種政策之態度—以COVID-19為例Attitudes among physicians toward vaccine mandates for emerging infectious disease: the case of the COVID-19 vaccine
• 歐晁瑋
  Chao-Wei Ou
• 公共衛生倫理、疫苗強制接種、COVID-19、描述倫理學、半結構式訪談
  public health ethics, vaccine mandates, COVID-19, descriptive ethics, semi-structured interview
• 目標：COVID-19疫情肆虐全球，許多國家先後施行針對醫護人員的疫苗強制接種政策，台灣亦同。本研究探討國內醫師對於不同強制程度的疫苗強制接種政策的態度，了解其倫理信念及邏輯。方法：採用半結構式訪談法，使用滾雪球方式招募受訪者，訪談16位在北部地區醫院以上工作的臨床醫師。結果：受訪醫師傾向不支持疫苗強制接種政策。研究結果分成五個主題：(一)個人權利，依受訪者回應分為二個類別：1.侵犯自主權；2.侵犯工作權；(二)疫苗表現，其二個類別為：1.疫苗安全性；2.疫苗有效性；(三)機構規範，依受訪者對於政策發布單位之看法和與工作機構之關係分為二個類別：1.政策發布單位與自身的關切程度；2.醫師與機構的雇傭關係；(四)社會和職場汙名，依受訪者對針對工作類別或科別之醫護人員的強制政策之看法，將結果分為二個類別：1.針對醫護之強制政策加劇社會汙名；2.針對高風險醫護之強制政策加劇職場汙名；(五)醫師的職業道德。結論：自主權和醫師的職業道德對於受訪醫師判斷是否接受疫苗強制接種疫苗有重要影響，並且在做決策時亦會納入疫苗表現、機構規範、汙名因素。另外，即使是較具備疫苗知識，且專業倫理、公共衛生倫理素養高的受訪醫師仍傾向不支持醫護人員疫苗強制接種政策。建議由政府訂定醫療院所可使用的針對醫護人員之疫苗強制接種政策手段，以維持一致性，但執行時由各地區之醫院評估後實行適合醫院的疫苗強制接種政策。
  Objectives: The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in a global pandemic. Vaccine mandates were implemented in several countries, including in Taiwan, and often targeted health-care workers in particular. This study investigated attitudes among Taiwanese physicians toward such policies and how ethical beliefs and logic influenced attitudes. Methods: A total of 16 physicians were recruited by using the snowball method from hospitals in northern Taiwan. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: Physicians tended not to support mandatory vaccination. Five themes emerged: (1) Individual rights, including violation of autonomy and labor rights; (2) vaccine performance, including safety and efficacy; (3) institutional norms, including the degree of relevancy of the policy-issuing unit and the employment relationship between physicians and institutions; (4) social and workplace stigma resulting from coercive policies in different job categories or departments; and (5) professional ethics of physicians. Conclusions: Autonomy and professional ethics among physicians influence attitudes toward vaccine mandates. Vaccine performance, institutional norms, and stigma also influence attitudes toward vaccine mandates and decision-making. Even with high ethical awareness, the study participants tended not to support vaccine mandates. The government should formulate mandatory vaccination policy means for healthcare workers that can be used by hospitals. Each hospital should assess their unique risks and implement policies that best suit their needs.
• 75-87
• 10.6288/TJPH.202302_42(1).111064

• Link 原著 Original Article
• 腦中風病人住院經驗與以病人為中心照護結果之關係—以某醫學中心為例Association between inpatient experience and patient-centered care outcomes in patients hospitalized with stroke
• 陳憶萱、鄭建興、董鈺琪
  Yi-Hsuan Chen, Jiann-Shing Jeng, Yu-Chi Tung
• 腦中風、以病人為中心、住院經驗、健康相關生活品質、再住院
  stroke, patient-centered outcomes, inpatient experience, health-related quality of life, readmission
• 目標：過往對於腦中風倖存者傾向功能狀態恢復結果，鮮少以病人需要及實際感受作為照護指標。而以病人為中心概念逐漸受到重視，須同時納入病人觀點之評比指標，促使醫療品質監測及改善更趨完善，本研究係探討哪些住院經驗構面與以病人為中心照護結果有關。方法：本研究針對20歲以上腦中風住院病人，以美國病人住院經驗（Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems, HCAHPS）評估問卷於台灣北部某醫學中心住院病房收案，有效樣本數共為142位病人，於患者出院後90天進行電話訪談追蹤。以多變項線性迴歸以及羅吉斯迴歸分析，探討腦中風病人住院經驗構面與日常生活活動功能（activities of daily living, ADL）、健康相關生活品質及再住院之關係。結果：照護轉銜分數較高，與出院後90天ADL、歐洲生活品質5構面5層級（European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions-5 Levels, EQ-5D-5L）及歐洲生活品質視覺類比量表（EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale, EQ-VAS）較好、再住院勝算較低相關；出院資訊分數與出院後90天ADL及EQ-VAS呈正相關。結論：出院資訊、照護轉銜與出院後90天病人報告結果測量以及再住院相關，透過了解腦中風病人住院經驗各構面評比，可找出影響病人照護結果之重要因素，提供各項數據與以當前指標相互輔助。
  Objectives: Previous studies have not considered the subjective needs of patients when evaluating care outcomes, opting to use functional outcomes instead. This runs counter to the concept of patient-centeredness, which has gradually garnered attention in the medical community. Thus, in this study, we investigated the association between inpatient experience and patient-centered care outcomes in patients hospitalized with stroke. Methods: The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCHAPS) survey was conducted among 142 patients (age ≤ 20 years) with stroke who were hospitalized in a medical center in northern Taiwan. Telephonic follow-up was conducted 90 days after discharge. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between HCHAPS dimensions and patients’ activities of daily living (ADL), quality of life, and readmission status. Results: Higher scores in the care transition dimension were associated with better ADL, higher European Quality of Life-5 Dimension-5 (EQ-5D-5L) Level scores, and higher EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) scores but lower odds of readmission at follow-up. The discharge information dimension was positively associated with patients’ 90-day ADL and EQ-VAS scores. Conclusions: Discharge information and care transition are associated with 90-day patient-reported outcomes and readmission. By assessing inpatient experience, we identified the factors influencing care outcomes in our cohort. Thus, inpatient experience may serve as a supplementary indicator of care outcomes in patients hospitalized with stroke.
• 88-99
• 10.6288/TJPH.202302_42(1).110093

• Link 原著 Original Article
• 失智症家庭照顧者的社會支持與生活品質之相關性研究Exploring the relationship between social support and quality of life among family caregivers of patients with dementia
• 謝寧惠、鍾國彪、曹汶龍
  Ning-Huei Sie, Kuo-Piao Chung, Wen-Long Tsao
• 失智症、家庭照顧者、社會支持、生活品質
  dementia, family caregiver, social support, quality of life
• 目標：本研究探討台灣失智症家庭照顧者的社會支持與生活品質之現況與相關性。方法：採「人際支持評估量表簡版量表」問卷與「世界衛生組織生活品質問卷台灣版」進行橫斷性調查，包括社會支持來源與情感性、資訊性、工具性與評價性社會支持，及生理健康、心理健康、社會健康與環境等生活品質構面，同時納入家庭照顧者人口學特性與照顧型態。調查對象為雲林嘉義地區失智症患者之家庭照顧者。應用雙變量與複迴歸模型來探討社會支持對於生活品質的影響。結果：完成384位失智症家庭照顧者調查，回收率86.7%。平均照顧者的年齡為58.08歲、女性佔61.72%，平均照顧年數3.97年。醫療專業人員社會支持較家人親友高，生活品質以生理健康最高分，女性的心理健康較差，配偶與全職照顧者其生活品質的各面向皆顯著較低。家人親友社會支持皆與生活品質各範疇滿意程度有顯著正相關。結論：此研究指出雲嘉地區失智病患家庭照顧者的社會支持程度較高其生活品質較佳，因此社區結合居家的共同照顧，並以醫療為後盾，可作為偏鄉制定失智症照顧政策之參考。
  Objectives: To investigate the correlation between social support and quality of life (QoL) among family caregivers of patients with dementia in Taiwan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires to investigate the sources of social support (emotional, informational, instrumental, and appraisal support) and to analyze QoL in several domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment) among family caregivers of patients with dementia in Yunlin and Chiayi, Taiwan. Demographic variables and care patterns were also analyzed. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate the correlations between the factors associated with social support and QoL. Results: A total of 384 family caregivers of patients with dementia completed the survey. The response rate was 86.7%. The average age of the participants was 58.08 years, and 61.72% of the participants were women. The average care duration was 3.97 years. The participants reported receiving more social support from healthcare professionals than from family and friends. Among the QoL domains, physical health had the highest score and psychological health was higher among men than among women. The QoL scores in all four domains were significantly lower for spouses and full-time caregivers than for the other types of caregivers. Conclusions: The family caregivers of patients with dementia in rural areas receive more social support and have a better QoL than those in urban areas. Cooperation among medical professionals, the community, and family members is essential for effective dementia care. These findings can be used as a reference for the development of dementia care policies.
• 100-116
• 10.6288/TJPH.202302_42(1).111081

• Link 原著 Original Article
• 行車安全用藥分級課程介入在種子藥師認知、態度及行為改變之成效評估Evaluating the effectiveness of driving medication safety training to improve pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, and behavior
• 鮑俊蓓、黃煒翔、鮑柏穎、吳淑娟、劉潔心
  Jiunn-Bey Pao, Wei-Hsiang Huang, Bo-Ying Bao, Shu-Chuan Wu, Chieh-Hsing Liu
• 藥師、駕駛安全、藥物使用、健康信念模式、教育介入
  pharmacists, driving safety, medication use, Health Belief Model (HBM), educational intervention
• 目標：本研究旨在探討行車安全用藥分級種子藥師教育課程介入後，評估此課程對藥師行車安全用藥分級之認知、態度與行為介入的成效。方法：本研究設計為運用健康信念模式（Health Belief Model, HBM）融入行車安全用藥分級種子藥師教育課程，並採用前、後測並追蹤延宕效果的準實驗研究設計。研究工具由研究者自編行車安全用藥分級宣導之現況評估問卷做為評量工具，建立效度、信度、難度與鑑別度。正式研究對象採便利取樣，選取臺北市與新北市藥師共60人，研究設計採對照組等待名單的方式進行。結果：以廣義估計方程式進行分析。結果發現當方程式控制了組別與時間之後，行車安全用藥分級種子藥師教育課程對於藥師的行車安全用藥分級認知、態度、行為皆有正向成效。結論：藥師須協助民眾處理複雜的用藥問題，讓藥物能安全的使用是藥師的職責。事先培育藥師具備行車安全用藥分級應有認知、態度與行為，能讓藥師有效的判斷駕駛使用藥物的風險，並與民眾或醫師進行溝通，提出最適當的用藥建議。期望能降低一般大眾在駕駛中的用藥風險與行車事故發生。
  Objectives: This study investigated the use of the driving medication safety training curriculum and evaluated the effectiveness of this curriculum in promoting the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of pharmacists on classification of medication use and driving safety. Methods: This study was designed as a quasi-experimental study that integrated the health belief model into the driving medication safety training curriculum, and adopts with pre- and post-testing control group design as well as tracking of delayed effects. The researchers utilized a current state analysis questionnaire for the promotion of classification of medication use and driving safety as the evaluation tool. After a preliminary evaluation of the validity, reliability, difficulty, and discrimination were established. Sixty pharmacists in Taipei City and New Taipei City were selected as the formal research participants through convenience sampling. The study was conducted by following a waiting list control group design. Results: The study analysis was performed with generalized estimating equations. When the equation controlled for “group” and “time,” the pharmacy education curriculum for the classification of medication use and driving safety had a positive effect on pharmacists’ knowledge, attitude, and behavior. Conclusions: Pharmacists must assist the public in dealing with complex medication problems, and the onus of the safe use of medications is upon pharmacists. Pre-training pharmacists with the knowledge, attitude, and behaviors required for driving safety and medication use can enable them to effectively determine the risk of medication use and driving as well as communicate with the public or doctors to make the most appropriate drug recommendations. It is expected to reduce the risk of medication use while driving and the occurrence of traffic accidents in the general public.
• 117-129
• 10.6288/TJPH.202302_42(1).111076

• Link 評論 Commentary
• 評論：當代生殖消費：以跨國大型商業精子銀行Commentary: contemporary reproductive consumption: a literature review of international commercial sperm banks
• 張竹芩
  JhuCin Rita Jhang
• 無
  none
• 無
  none
• 30
• 10.6288/TJPH.202302_42(1).11104901

• Link 作者回覆 Authors' response to commentary
• 作者回覆：當代生殖消費：以跨國大型商業精子銀行為考察對象Authors' response to commentary: contemporary reproductive consumption: a literature review of international commercial sperm banks
• 孫佳婷
  Chia-Ting Sun
• 無
  none
• 無
  none
• 31
• 10.6288/TJPH.202302_42(1).11104902